Does the Mac have a taskbar?

Not by that name. On a Mac, the jobs of the Windows taskbar are split between two places: the Dock and the menu bar.

A Mac screen with the menu bar at the top, the status icons and clock at its right end, and the Dock at the bottom. — The menu bar at the top and the Dock at the bottom.

The Dock: your apps

Apple calls the Dock the Mac version of the taskbar. By default it sits at the bottom of the screen, and you can move it to the left or right edge in System Settings, Desktop & Dock.

Click an icon to open the app.
A small dot below an icon means the app is open.
To keep an app in the Dock, drag its icon to the left of the line near the end of the Dock.
To remove an app, drag it out of the Dock until Remove appears, or drop it on the Trash. Only the icon goes away; the app stays on your Mac.
To change the order, drag an icon to a new place.

The menu bar: the clock and status icons

The menu bar runs along the top of the screen. The icons in its right half, such as Wi-Fi and the battery, do the job of the notification area in Windows. The date and time are there too.

Switching apps: Command-Tab

Where Windows uses Alt-Tab, the Mac uses Command-Tab. Hold Command and press Tab to see your open apps, then use the arrow keys to pick one.

How the Dock differs from a taskbar

One icon per app. An app with three windows still has one icon. To see its windows, press Control-Down Arrow.
Minimized windows appear at the right end of the Dock, next to the Trash, as small pictures of the window. If Minimize windows into application icon is on in Desktop & Dock, they go into the app's icon instead.
One screen at a time. With two or more displays, the Dock stays on your main display until you move it, and it lists every open app, whichever screen its windows are on.

A taskbar on every screen

If you miss a taskbar on each monitor, Dockaroo gives every display and every desktop its own bar. Each bar shows only the apps that have windows on that screen, and you can drag the icons into any order. Dockaroo Lite is free for your main display and one more.

Two screens. Each has a Dockaroo dock with the apps that have windows on that screen. The Mac Dock is on the left screen. — Each screen gets its own bar with the apps open there.

Summary

The Mac has no taskbar. The Dock holds your apps, and the menu bar holds the clock and status icons.
Command-Tab switches between open apps.
The Dock shows one icon per app and sits on one screen at a time.
For a taskbar on every screen, you need an app such as Dockaroo.